perceção dos cidadãos sobre os cuidados de enfermagem

O enfermeiro de família, pelos seus saberes e sua ação apresenta-se como um recurso importante para as famílias portuguesas. Constituiu objetivo do presente estudo descrever a perceção dos cidadãos sobre os cuidados de enfermagem prestados pelo enfermeiro de família no âmbito da enfermagem familiar. Métodos: Estudo de natureza qualitativa, junto de doze participantes, utentes de uma unidade de saúde familiar do norte de Portugal, recorrendo-se à entrevista semiestruturada, no último trimestre de 2018. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo com procedimentos indutivos, considerando as competências específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária na área de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar (EEECAESF) e procedimentos dedutivos, definindo-se categorias à posteriori. Resultados: Na perspetiva do cidadão o enfermeiro de família conhece o sistema familiar, alicerçando os seus cuidados numa abordagem colaborativa, embora não tenham como foco a família como um todo. Destacam-se como pontos fortes o profissionalismo, os comportamentos afetivos, de respeito, empatia e as interações focadas na pessoa e na compreensão dos seus problemas e como constrangimentos o respeito pelas dotações seguras e organizacionais. Considerações Finais: as perceções integram alguns dos aspetos relativos às competências requeridas para o enfermeiro de família. Evidencia-se a necessidade de um maior investimento por parte dos enfermeiros na melhoria da perceção sobre os enfermeiros de família junto dos cidadãos.The family nurse, through their knowledge and action, is an important resource for Portuguese families. The objective of the present study was to describe the perception of citizens about the nursing care provided by family nurses in the context of family nursing. Methods: A qualitative study, with twelve participants, users of a family health unit in the north of Portugal, using a semi-structured interview, in the last quarter of 2018. The content analysis technique was used with inductive procedures, considering the specific competences of the Nurse Specialist in Community Nursing in the area of Family Health Nursing (EEECAESF) and deductive procedures, defining categories a posteriori. Results: From the citizen's perspective, family nurses know the family system, basing their care on a collaborative approach, although they do not focus on the family as a whole. Professionalism, affective behaviors, respect, empathy and interactions focused on the person and the understanding of their problems stand out as strengths, and respect for safe staffing as threats. Final Considerations: the perceptions integrate some of the aspects related to the competences required for the family nurse. The need for greater investment on the part of nurses to improve the perception of family nurses among citizens is evident.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified